{"id":9352,"date":"2023-03-30T13:31:49","date_gmt":"2023-03-30T05:31:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/?post_type=market-insights&#038;p=9352"},"modified":"2026-01-22T14:22:43","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T06:22:43","slug":"rockstead-portfolio-construction-framework-part-i","status":"publish","type":"market-insights","link":"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/zh\/market-insights\/rockstead-portfolio-construction-framework-part-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Rockstead Portfolio Construction Framework \u2013 Part I"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9352\" class=\"elementor elementor-9352\" data-elementor-post-type=\"market-insights\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edfae0d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"edfae0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b374cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8b374cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"587\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/man-managing-portfolio-1-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10026\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/man-managing-portfolio-1-1.jpg 587w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/man-managing-portfolio-1-1-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/man-managing-portfolio-1-1-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 587px) 100vw, 587px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08f41a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08f41a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Researchers have found that most active managers underperform their appropriate benchmarks most of the time after adjusting for risk and fees\u00a0<sup>[1]<\/sup>. Despite the widespread underperformance of most actively managed funds, investors frequently receive calls from their financial advisors informing them of \u201cattractive\u201d or \u201cfantastic\u201d investment opportunities that are capable of beating the market. However, these opportunities often prove to be disappointing.<\/p><p>The truth is that investors are often not adequately informed about the concept of risk-adjusted returns and are frequently presented with investment products that have produced large gains over a relatively short period. Given that most investors are unable to objectively evaluate probability and risk, such presentations often lead them to chase returns and harm their investments.<\/p><p>While the concept of risk-adjusted returns, or evaluating investment gains in relation to risk, is not new, it is often not properly presented to investors by financial advisors. The average investor generally lacks the necessary framework for evaluating investment portfolios, and instruments properly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a172b68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a172b68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1155\" height=\"1474\" src=\"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/monitor-port.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9372\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/monitor-port.png 1155w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/monitor-port-235x300.png 235w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/monitor-port-802x1024.png 802w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/monitor-port-768x980.png 768w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/monitor-port-9x12.png 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1155px) 100vw, 1155px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac499ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac499ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present a simple framework to measure, evaluate, and compare the performance of an investment portfolio or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rockstead.com\/staging\/fund-management-singapore\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investment fund<\/a>. At Rockstead Capital, we also use this framework to objectively evaluate and improve the performance of our clients\u2019 investment portfolios and in-house funds.<\/p><p>Based on the framework, a portfolio is considered superior if it has the following characteristics.<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Portfolio produces high risk-adjusted benefits.<\/li><li>Portfolio generates returns with low correlation to financial markets.<\/li><li>Portfolio experiences low maximum drawdown.<\/li><li>Portfolio can recover quickly from losses when they occur.<\/li><li>Portfolio delivers stable and well-distributed positive returns.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb8c70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5eb8c70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Risk-adjusted Benefits<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c80037c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c80037c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When investors compare the performance of two investment portfolios, they should consider not only the returns produced by the investments but also the\u00a0<strong><em>amount of risk taken to earn these returns<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p><p>The Sharpe Ratio is one of the most popular methods of adjusting investment return rates for risk. Originally referred to as the reward-to-variability ratio, the Sharpe Ratio was developed by William F. Sharpe in 1966 and revised in 1994 to become the formula used today.<\/p><p>The Sharpe ratio calculates the excess return (return above the risk-free rate) of an investment or portfolio per unit of its volatility or risk. The higher the ratio, the more an investor is rewarded for the risk that they are taking.<\/p><p>There are multiple ways to measure risk-adjusted returns, including Alpha, Beta, R-squared, etc. However, the goal of this article is not to discuss the mathematics and limitations of each metric. Rather, we seek to help investors understand that the\u00a0<strong><em>naive approach of evaluating investment performance solely based on absolute returns may lead investors to invest in an inferior portfolio<\/em><\/strong>. In other words, a portfolio manager\u2019s efforts to optimise their portfolio\u2019s risk-adjusted returns are more relevant than their choice of risk-adjustment metrics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebbad85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ebbad85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><p>Simply by observing the graphs below (without applying any mathematical formula), one can easily conclude that portfolio A is superior to portfolio B, even though the eventual outcomes (or absolute returns) of both hypothetical portfolios are the same.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80b3640 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"80b3640\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1030\" src=\"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10048\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-4.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-4-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-4-1024x549.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-4-768x412.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-4-1536x824.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-4-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b06543c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b06543c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Investors may want to note that the Sharpe ratio of the S&amp;P 500 index from 1992 to 2022 is around 0.64. Generally, any investment portfolio that has a Sharpe ratio of 1 or greater is considered good. Our goal at Rockstead is to maximize the risk-adjusted returns (not merely absolute returns) of our investment portfolios. Investment portfolios that we typically construct for our family office clients often have Sharpe ratios as high as 2.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf17ab6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf17ab6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Decorrelation<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcf28d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcf28d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>Asset correlation\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>measures the movement of investments relative to one another. When assets move in the same direction at the same time, they are positively correlated. When one asset tends to move up while the other goes down, the two assets are negatively correlated.<\/p><p>The correlation between two investments can be measured using a statistic known as Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient, or simply the correlation coefficient. Mathematically, it is a statistical measure of how two variables move in relation to each other. This measure ranges from minus 1 to positive 1, where minus 1 indicates perfect negative correlation and positive 1 indicates perfect positive correlation.<\/p><p>In the context of the Rockstead Portfolio Construction Framework, we are interested in seeing how a portfolio correlates with various financial markets. One may ask, why is such correlation analysis important?<\/p><p>Simply put, an investment portfolio that has low correlation with the market\u00a0<strong><em>offers protection\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>to its investors, especially during economic downturns or times of global equity sell-offs.<\/p><p>One of the key objectives of the framework is to enable us to construct investment portfolios that are market-neutral. In other words, we favor portfolio returns that are independent of the direction of the market. This is achieved by taking long and short positions in a variety of assets to cancel out market exposure.<\/p><p>By cancelling out market exposure, a market-neutral portfolio is less exposed to market volatility and market risks. This can result in\u00a0<strong><em>more stable and predictable returns<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0over time. During market downturns, a market-neutral portfolio can also help investors preserve capital, making it an attractive investment for risk-averse investors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b235161 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b235161\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Size Of Extreme Losses<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3dd49a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3dd49a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cDrawdown\u201d is the percentage of decline from the highest point to the lowest point in an investment portfolio or fund. Measuring the maximum drawdown over a certain period is a practical way to quantify the downside risk of an investment portfolio or fund.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d0e0d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1d0e0d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1030\" src=\"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10052\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-3.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-3-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-3-1024x549.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-3-768x412.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-3-1536x824.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/stability-chart-3-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25f60f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25f60f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>Drawdowns present significant risk to investors as the uptick in portfolio value needed to overcome a drawdown can be substantial<\/em><\/strong>. For instance, if a portfolio loses 1 percent, it only needs an increase of 1.01 percent to recover to its previous peak, which may not seem like much. However, a drawdown of 20 percent requires a 25 percent return to reach the old peak. During the 2008 to 2009 financial crisis, a 50 percent drawdown required a 100 percent increase to recover the former peak.<\/p><p>Limiting drawdown risk is crucial, and we extensively stress-test our portfolios. Our portfolio construction framework dictates that we don\u2019t implement any investment portfolio that has a maximum drawdown of more than 15 percent during periods of extreme market downturn, such as the great financial crisis of 2008.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f03d20d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f03d20d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recovery<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc632c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc632c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When considering the downside risk of a portfolio, it is imperative to not only consider the extent of drawdowns but also\u00a0<strong><em>how long it takes for a drawdown to be recovered<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p><p>A 25 percent drawdown in one investment portfolio may take years to recover. On the other hand, another well-constructed portfolio may recover losses in a matter of months, pushing the portfolio to its peak value in a short period of time.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42a5558 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"42a5558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1496\" height=\"792\" src=\"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Recovery.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-13317\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Recovery.png 1496w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Recovery-300x159.png 300w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Recovery-1024x542.png 1024w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Recovery-768x407.png 768w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Recovery-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1496px) 100vw, 1496px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-658a9cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"658a9cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The unfortunate truth is that equity market declines of this magnitude, and worse, occur from time to time. There have been 11 occasions in the 148 years between 1871 and 2019 when equities (as measured by the S&amp;P 500 Index) have destroyed at least 25 percent of value for investors (see table below). In the 2001 and 2008 downturns, losses exceeded 40 percent.<\/p><p>In the worst case, the Great Depression of the 1930s, investors lost over 80 percent of their money. It took over 15 years for them to recover their money if they remained invested.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eb0e79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2eb0e79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2071\" height=\"1186\" src=\"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Crash-table.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9404\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Crash-table.png 2071w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Crash-table-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Crash-table-1024x586.png 1024w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Crash-table-768x440.png 768w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Crash-table-1536x880.png 1536w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Crash-table-2048x1173.png 2048w, https:\/\/rs.sbwd.website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Crash-table-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2071px) 100vw, 2071px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a20efb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a20efb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>References:<br \/><em>[1] SPIVA (S&amp;P Indices Versus Active) 2022 report produced by S&amp;P Dow Jones Indices<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers have found that most active managers underperform their appropriate benchmarks most of the time after adjusting for risk and fees [1]. Despite the widespread underperformance of most actively managed funds, investors frequently receive calls from their financial advisors informing them of \u201cattractive\u201d or \u201cfantastic\u201d investment opportunities that are capable of beating the market. However, these opportunities often prove to be disappointing.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8414,"parent":0,"menu_order":8,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":"_blank"},"insights_categories":[28],"insights_tags":[],"class_list":["post-9352","market-insights","type-market-insights","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","insights_categories-insights"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rockstead Portfolio Construction Framework \u2013 Part I - Rockstead Capital<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rockstead Portfolio Construction Framework \u2013 Part I - Rockstead Capital\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers have found that most active managers underperform their appropriate benchmarks most of the time after adjusting for risk and fees [1]. Despite the widespread underperformance of most actively managed funds, investors frequently receive calls from their financial advisors informing them of \u201cattractive\u201d or \u201cfantastic\u201d investment opportunities that are capable of beating the market. 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